Botanica Pacifica. A journal of plant science and conservation 2012. 1(1):109-119.
Article first published online: 10 SEN 2012 | DOI: 10.17581/bp.2012.01106
A Topography-Based Model of the Vegetation Cover of the Lanzhinskie Mountains
Alexander M. Omelko1, Pavel V. Krestov1,2 & Anna N. Yakovleva1
1 Institute of Biology and Soil Science FEB RAS, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia
2 Botanical Garden-Institute FEB RAS, Vladivostok, 690024, Russia
By means of the GAM technique it is possible to create detailed maps of the potential vegetation for regions that are difficult to access. This is particularly important for wide mountain areas of Northeast Asia, where such maps have never been created. High-resolution DEMs permit increased prediction accuracy and modeling of complex vegetation patterns. Most vegetation types in the area are controlled mainly by the moisture regime and by regimes of sediment transport and accumulation. The relatively small amounts of rainfall in the continental climate are distributed spatially by relief elements. This creates a wide range of soil moisture regimes: from very dry, with a prolonged period of moisture deficit, to wet, without moisture deficit during the growing season at all. Therefore, moisture appears to be a critical resource in this climatic region, and it is a main differentiating factor for the vegetation. The map of potential vegetation, obtained satisfactorily, reflects altitudinal zonation and inter-zonal patterns of vegetation distribution. The area occupied by some vegetation communities is overestimated, however, due mainly to insufficient DEM resolution.
Омелько А.М., Крестов П.В., Яковлева А.Н. Модель растительного покрова Ланжинских гор на основе топографических переменных Показана возможность создания подробных карт потенциальной растительности для труднодоступных регионов с помощью техники GAM. Это особенно важно для обширных горных районов Северо-Восточной Азии, для которых такие карты до сих пор отсутствуют. Высокое разрешение матрицы высот позволяет увеличить точность прогнозирования и моделирования сложно организованного растительного покрова. Большинство типов растительности в районе контролируется режимами увлажнения, а также склоновой аккумуляции и транспортировки материала. Относительно небольшое количество осадков в условиях континентального климата распределяется в пространстве по элементам рельефа. Это создает широкий диапазон режимов увлажнения почвы: от очень сухого, с длительным периодом дефицита влаги, до хорошо увлажненного без периода дефицита влаги в течение вегетационного сезона. Таким образом, влага в данном регионе представляется важнейшим ресурсом и служит основным дифференцирующим фактором для распределения типов растительности. Карта потенциальной растительности, удовлетворительно отражает закономерности высотной зональности и распределение азональных растительных комплексов. Площадь, занимаемая некоторыми типами растительных сообществ, слегка завышена из-за недостаточного разрешения DEM.
Keywords: vegetation cover, larch forest, generalized additive model, GAM, DEM, refugium, растительный покров, лиственничные леса, генерализованная аддитивная модель, рефугиум
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