Botanica Pacifica. A journal of plant science and conservation 2012. 1(1):21–30.
Article first published online: 10 SEN 2012 | DOI: 10.17581/bp.2012.01103
The Hierarchy and Combinatorial Space of Characters in Evolutionary Systematics
Larissa N. Vasilyeva1 & Steven L. Stephenson2
1 Institute of Biology and Soil Science, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia
2 University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
The Linnaean hierarchy is discussed as the taxonomic model for the evolutionary differentiation of the earth's biota. Careful examination of this model allows us to understand a number of ideas relating to evolutionary theory. The arguments about species constancy vs species variability, natural species vs 'artificial' higher taxa, the connection vs disconnection of microevolution and macroevolution are meaningless. Two kinds of phylogeny are considered. The first reflects the appearance of new characters in the course of evolution, and their sequence provides a basis for the nesting hierarchy of groups. The second reflects the appearance of new character states and provides a basis for the diversity of taxa that may exist at each hierarchical level. The method of character ranking and the improvement of a tentative taxonomic hierarchy with the help of a posteriori weighting of differences are also discussed.
Васильева Л.Н., Стефенсон С.Л. Иерархия и комбинаторика признаков в эволюционной систематике. В статье обсуждается "иерархия Линнея" в качестве таксономической модели эволюционной дифференциации земной биоты. Данная модель позволяет объяснить ряд идей, связанных с теорией эволюции, и показывает бесплодность споров о постоянстве или изменчивости видов, о единстве или разобщенности микроэволюции и макроэволюции, а также исключает противопоставление естественных видов "искусственным" высшим таксонам. Рассматриваются различные аспекты филогении в применении к появлению новых признаков в эволюции, что обеспечивает иерархию групп, и к смене состояний признаков, что увеличивает разнообразие таксонов одного уровня. Обсуждается возможность ранжирования признаков и коррекции таксономической иерархии, построенной на основании предварительного распределения общих признаков по уровням, с помощью апостериорного взвешивания отличий и построения комбинативных прогностических таблиц.
Keywords: characters, hierarchy, phylogeny, ranks, system of organisms, taxa, иерархия, признаки, ранги, система организмов, таксоны, филогения
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