Botanica Pacifica. A journal of plant science and conservation 2025. Preprint
Article first published online: 01 NOV 2025 | DOI: 10.17581/bp.2025.14214
Ontogenetic trends in the structure of the phloem rays of Betula ermanii (Betulaceae) in volcanic and nonvolcanic environments: adaptive and functional implications
Anna V. Kopanina
,
Anastasia V. Talskikh &
Inna I. Vlasova Institute of Marine Geology and Geophysics FEB RAS, Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, Russia
We performed a comparative ontogenetic analysis (1–112 yr) of inner bark phloem parenchyma in Betula ermanii from typical environments on Sakhalin Island and thermal springs of Baransky Volcano, Iturup Island. A direct positive allometric correlation was observed between tree habitus and phloem radial traits. Stem diameter increased logarithmically with high coefficients of determination, while age trends of phloem ray traits followed a logarithmic pattern in young bark (up to 25–35 yr) and plateaued in mature bark. During ontogeny, the total number of rays decreased threefold, uniseriate rays by 6–9 times, ray composition shifted from 10 yr onward, and ray width increased. In volcanic environments, growth of mature trunks was reduced compared with typical sites. The number of rays in conducting phloem declined 1.4–2 times, whereas the ray fraction in both conducting and nonconducting phloem was 1.5–2 times higher than in typical habitats. Large areas of dilated parenchyma were formed, likely serving as local carbon and water reservoirs to mitigate crown damage and physiological drought. These results indicate deviations from reference ontogenetic trajectories of phloem rays under volcanic stress, suggesting structural adjustments that enhance radial transport and storage. Further integrative studies are needed to clarify how these modifications interact with xylem traits and contribute to whole-plant resilience.
Копанина А.В., Тальских А.И., Власова И.И. Онтогенетические тренды в строении флоэмных лучей Betula ermanii (Betulaceae): адаптивные ответы на вулканическую активность. Выполнен сравнительный онтогенетический анализ (1–112 лет) флоэмной паренхимы внутренней коры Betula ermanii из ее типичных местообитаний на острове Сахалин и с термальных источников вулкана Баранского на острове Итуруп. Выявлено прямое положительное аллометрическое соотношение между жизненной формой и признаками радиальной системы флоэмы. Диаметр ствола увеличивался логарифмически с высокими коэффициентами детерминации, а возрастные тенденции признаков флоэмных лучей следовали логарифмическому паттерну в молодой коре (до 25–35 лет) и достигали плато в зрелой коре. В ходе онтогенеза общее число лучей уменьшилось в три раза, количество однорядных лучей сократилось в 6–9 раз, состав лучей изменялся начиная с 10-летнего возраста, а ширина лучей увеличивалась. В вулканической среде рост взрослых деревьев был замедлен по сравнению с типичными участками. Число лучей в проводящей флоэме уменьшилось в 1,4–2 раза, тогда как доля лучей как в проводящей, так и в непроводящей флоэме была в 1,5–2 раза выше, чем в типичных условиях. В условиях термальных источников в коре формировались большие участки дилатированной паренхимы, вероятно, служащие локальными резервуарами углерода и воды для компенсации повреждений кроны и физиологической засухи. Эти результаты указывают на отклонения от типичных онтогенетических траекторий флоэмных лучей под воздействием вулканического стресса, что свидетельствует о структурных адаптациях, повышающих эффективность радиального транспорта и хранения. Требуются дальнейшие комплексные исследования, которые позволят понять, как эти изменения взаимодействуют с признаками ксилемы и обеспечивают устойчивость растения в целом.
Keywords: Betula ermanii, bark, ontogeny, conducting and nonconducting phloem, phloem rays, dilatation, volcanic environment, physiological drought, кора, онтогенез, проводящая и непроводящая флоэма, флоэмные лучи, дилатация, вулканический ландшафт, физиологическая засуха
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