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Conference "Climate Change constrains and opportunities in the Asian Pacific Region: Human-Biosphere-Atmosphere Interactions and Green Growth"

INVITED SPEAKERS


Andrey V. Adrianov, Vice-president of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Acting Director of the School of Natural Sciences, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia

Regional climate changes and marine biodiversity in the Sea of Japan/East Sea
Meteorological observations show that the average surface water temperature of the Sea of Japan/East Sea has increased over the past 30 years by more than 1°C; this is the highest value for the indicator over all the seas of the Russian Federation under conditions of pronounced climatic changes on the planet. Among the economic and environmental problems of our region related to these events, we can note changes in the fishing potential of some water areas; a significant growth of biological invasions, including invasions of harmful species (producers of toxins, foulings of hydrotechnical construction, etc.); and the need to strengthen the control and to ensure toxicological safety of marine areas and products of marine origin. Climatic changes lead to an increase in the dynamics of coastal marine ecosystems and marine biological diversity. So, for example, of the 316 fish species recorded in the Peter the Great Bay, 110 species are so-called southern migrants - they visit our waters only in the warm season; about 20% of them were recorded in the water area during the last 20 years. Presently, about 70 invader species have been identified in the Far Eastern seas of Russia, which have already passed the stages of acclimatization and naturalization and have become a part of the local coastal ecosystems. About 60 of these species are found in the area of the Peter the Great Bay, of which 35 invader species have been identified in the Far Eastern Marine Reserve. Among the introduced species found in the bay, 17 are foulings of hydrotechnical structures.
Francesco Bosello, Dr., Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei, University Statale of Milan; Euro-Mediterranean Centre on Climate Changes; Director of Economic Analysis of Climate Impacts and Policy Division of CMCC, Italy

Keynote speech title: To be confirmed.
Han Dolman, Prof., Dr., Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

Keynote speech title: To be confirmed.
Joon Kim, Prof., Dr., Institute of Green Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea

Climate smart investment with visioneering by monitoring energy, matter and information flows
Sustainability science is an emerging trans-disciplinary research which necessitates not only the communication and collaboration of scientists and practitioners from different disciplines, but also the paradigm shift from deterministic and reductionist approaches to the old basic (i.e., the fundamental laws of nature). Rural-urban systems are co-evolving complex systems that are defined as systems having many interacting parts (or agents), whose interactions give rise to dynamic, non-linear and indeterministic outcomes through self-organizing processes. We introduce a conceptual framework for such continually morphing dynamical systems, i.e. self-organizing hierarchical open systems (SOHO). To understand the structure and working of SOHO, we revisit the two fundamental laws of physics (i.e., the entropy law and the action law). The re-interpretation of these laws elucidates that energy dispersal between a system and its environment will occur along the paths of least action (or in the least possible time) and throughput (i.e., the movement of a material through a system such as the flow of energy, matter and information) plays a key role. We introduce an additional essential framework, the so-called visioneering (V) (i.e. engineering of vision) - skilful direction and creative application of experience and scientific principles to fulfil the vision. The V process is then integrated with the SOHO framework as feedforward loops so that ‘a minimally guided (or nudged) self-organization process’ may enable decision makers to choose better path (or scenario) toward sustainable rural-urban systems. (Acknowledgment: This work was funded by the Weather Information Service Engine Program of the Korea Meteorological Administration under Grant KMIPA-2012-0001.)
Antonio Navarra, Dr., Euromediterranean Center for Climate Change (CMCC), President, Italy

Climate Change Studies at the EuroMediterranean Center on Climate Change
The EuroMediterranean Center on Climate Change (CMCC) is the main italian institution working on studying climate variations, both natural and anthropogenic, including their impacts on the ecosystems, society and the economic sectors. The Center is channeling fundamental research and innovation results into applications for the development of climate services and predictions from the seasonal scale to the long term scenarios scale. CMCC is also active in global and regional ocean predictions at shorter scale (up to 10 days), developing basic data and applications for offshore operations, search and rescue, emergency handling and security. The talk will give an overview of the science activity and application being done at CMCC.
Riccardo Valentini, Professor, University of Tuscia, Department for Innovation on Biological, Agro-food and Forest Systems (DIBAF); Strategic Advisor, Euro-Mediterranean Center for Climate Change Foundation, Italy

The TREETALKER® Network: Let’s trees talk about climate
Extensive tree mortality and widespread forest dieback linked to drought and temperature stress is an increasing and emergent concern in all vegetated continents. One of the main limit for a full comprehension of the climate-tree relationship, is the lack of a sufficient number of experimental datasets at regional and sub-regional scale which can provide long term and high frequency data necessary to analyze the coherent spatial-temporal patterns of tree response and climate variability for a significant number of species (Anderegg et al., 2013a, SteinKamp and Hickler, 2015). Recently Internet of Things technologies (IoT) have grown rapidly and represent today a unique opportunity for improving our environmental monitoring capabilities at extremely low cost. For this purpose we want to start with the equipment of 3000 individual trees organized in 150 forest sites, distributed across the most vulnerable and representative forests of the world, starting from boreal forests to temperate and tropical region. To this purpose we have developed a single device (TreeTalker®) which include a set of sensors capable to monitor plant water status and growth, continuously at a sub-hour frequency (every 15 minutes). The TreeTalker® device is able to monitor: the water transport inside the tree; the diameter growth; the quantity and quality of tree foliage and climate and soil parameters (temperature, humidity). Each equipped tree with TreeTalker® is able to transmit high frequency data on the WEB cloud with a unique IoT identifier allowing to follow the individual tree life along its development from hours to season and inter-annual time scales. We will make use of such network architecture to create a unique in the world environmental network that will be able to constantly monitor individual tree functions and climate parameters.
Ivan I. Vasenev, Professor, Dr., Russian State Agrarian University; Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Head of Department of Ecology, Moscow, Russia

21st century challenges in Climate Change opportunities and constrains for the Russian Federation agriculture
While globally projected climate changes will result in most crop yields general decline (up to 20%, IPCC 2014), Russia will benefit from temperature warming due to an increasing of growing season length and generally more mild climate conditions, including predicted enhancement of precipitation (Valentini, Vasenev, 2015). Characteristic for the RF southern taiga zone in XXI first decades accelerated annual temperature growth is almost in 3 times higher than mean planetary one (Vilfand, 2017). Together with essentially increased precipitation values this resulted in 2 record years for grain crops total harvest in 2016 and 2017. Grain export growth and more favorable agroclimate conditions gradually improve RF farming profitability and sustainability. Growing RF agricultural potential will be strengthened due to arable land area increasing in case of previously abandoned farms and profitable farming development in new intensive agricultural regions with favorable agroecological conditions – especially in the east and north parts of Russia. However, despite these favorable circumstances further sustainable development of RF agriculture requires land current and predicted state agroecological assessment, climate-smart agricultural land-use design using new crop varieties and agrotechnologies – best adapted to local agrolandscape and agroclimate conditions. Increased temperature and precipitation are favorable not only for crops but their pests, weeds and pathogens too that already resulted in the fusariose fast expanding in 2016. To be able to solve the new agroecological problems and to use the new land agroecological potentials we need the adapted to concreate regions of Russia smart agroecological monitoring and decision support systems (Vasenev e.a., 2017) as combination of climate, soil, crop and land-use models to help land-users in implementation of agriculture best practices.



© 2017 Organizing Committee